The Classical Greek Literature Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1791 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Antigone Essay Did you like this example? The Classical Greek Literature Relationship to Tragedy in Antigone What is the relationship between Antigone and Classical Greek literature related to tragedy? The relationship between Antigone in Classical Greek literature is evident through the story line in which two characters disagreement and personal choices lead to an notable twist of unexpected tragic events. Tragedy is defined as the an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress, such as a serious accident, crime, or natural catastrophes (Merriam dictionary). The Antigone tragedy introduced new ideas which questioned the Gods, philosophy, morals, values, fate and destiny, mystical powers and laws. Classical Greek literatures earliest interpretation of Tragedy, as Aristotle pointed out, was the representation of an action worthy of attention, and once there was an actor, there could be an imitation of the action, though the chorus still sang the story line. (Greek tragedy ). Sophocles is important in classic Greek literature because he introduced tragedy early in his career, in which he is credited for adding a third actor, scenery and imaginative portraits of the characters. Sophocles introduced the convention of a third actor in tragedy productions early in his career (previous tragedies had only two actors with a chorus), and Aeschylus soon followed his lead by including three actors in his Oresteia. Sophocles also introduced scenery of some imaginative portrait of Sophocles. () Antigone is important in Classic Greek literature because it was based on doing the what she believed was the right thing to do by the gods. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Classical Greek Literature Relationship" essay for you Create order Not by the new laws the king had just created which were unjust. Sophocles writings include philosophical questions of self, mortality fate, destiny, etc.. () Antigone is a tragedy due to the amount of unfortunate events that took place in the story line. The tragedies that occurred of Antigoners family include the deaths of her entire family. She choose to burry her brother. In order to protect her family name and allow him to join the gods in the after life. Her love and devotion for her family caused her to disobey the new kings orders. The recurring theme of his tragedies is the suffering of men and women†sometimes suffering they bring on themselves by flaws in their characters, or suffering that results from being in the wrong place at the wrong time.( Edward I. Bleiberg, et al. In every tragedy there is a power struggle between two characters the antagonist and the protagonist. The protagonist is the main character that is heroic. Antigone is the protagonist because she is a woman good person doing the right thing for the brother she loves. Therefore she choose to disregard Creonrs ruthless orders. Creon is the antagonist because he is against the protagonist. The characters dilemma Both Antigone and Creon represent immoderate, inflexible viewpoints, and their immoderation leads to the destruction of Antigone; Creons son, Haemon, who was betrothed to Antigone; and Creons wife, who commits suicide. The play ends with Creon bowed down with grief. ( ) Antigone is one of the most famous tragic plays in Classic Greek literature written by Sophocles around 442 B.C. Sophocles wrote a three act play named Oedipus Rex. Antigoners tragic family history is due to a curse placed by the gods on Oedipus? According to Greek mythology Oedipus represented the king of Thebes. According to the myth Oedipus killed his father and married his mother Jocasta. Oedipus and Jocasta were the parents of Antigone and her siblings. Oedipus found out Jocasta was his long lost mother and he had committed incest, causing him to rip his own eyes out of shame and despair. After Jocasta discovers Oedipus was her son she could not bear with her guilt and shame. Leaving Eteocles and Polyneices as the new rulers to share the throne. After Eteocles decided he wanted to be the only ruler; Polyneices chose to go to war against his own brother resulting in a civil war. During the civil war both brothers fought to the death leading to the 3rd and last act Antigone. The first tragedy occurs in the beginning due to the death of Polyneices and Eteocles. Leaving Creon to become the new King after the civil war naming Polyneices the enemy of the state. Creon ruled that Polyneices would not have a proper burial and decided to threaten the citizens to there deaths if they disobey his order. Antigone found this unjust and decided to defy Creon by burring her brother; causing a ripple effect of death due to Creonrs ruthless behavior. Ancient Greek society was male dominate; therefore Antigone a woman disobeyed the new Kings orders being a shocking occurrence. Since it was not an equal society Antigoners actions were seen as a rebellious act against the King. Creonrs pride was so big he decided to kill her. After her death her future husband Haemon committed suicide. The queen decided to hang herself because her son had died due to the husbands rules. Leaving Greon to live a lonely miserable life he deserved. Preventing him from joining the mythological gods. The fate of Antigone was due to her pride for her family and to allow her brother to bury her brother without the consent of the King. Antigone is a story based on several tragic events which spiral down to the worst imaginable disagreement between two characters. This caused a ripple effect of fatalities due to Creon rs ruthless actions. Antigoners character was a prideful, rebellious, determined woman who was not fearless while following her heart. Antigone, humorless and domineering is a female copy of Oedipus (Knox, Bernard, Nassaar, Christopher 187-189) Thought Antigoners life she encountered many tragedies which lead her to become a pessimistic individual. Antigone expressed realization of the gods powers were stronger than any human on earth because humans are mortals. My sister Ismene, do you know of any suffering from our father sprung that Zeus does not achieve for us survivors ? therers nothing free from doom, not shameful, not dishonored, Ive not seen.( Sophocles , 495-406 B.C.) The importance of a proper burial determined whether Polyneices was able to join the gods. The list of tragedies that occurred in the first two acts of Oedipus rex are summarized by Ismene Alas. Remember , sister, how our father perished abhorred, ill famed. Himself with his own hands, through his own curse destroying both eyes. Remember next his mother and his wife finished life in shame of the twisted strings. And third two brothers on a single day, poor creatures, murdering , a common doom each with his arm accomplished on the other . and now look at the two of us alone. Well perish terribly if we force the law and try to cross the royal vote and power. We must remember we are two woman so not fight with men. (Antigone) In 442 B.C.E the Dionysius celebrations began in Athens as the cultural center in Ancient Greece. During Spring the citizens would honor the God of Dionysus. Dionysus is the Greek God of wine. The symbolic statues of the God Dionysus were placed outside to watch over the festivities over the course of three days. The festivities included endless supply of wine, animal sacrifices, and people dressed in colorful attire, played games, sung songs and theater. The festivities took on Acropolis south slope rocky amphitheater . One of the favorite parts of the festival was the completion for the best plays writers. The winner got to wear a crown during the Dionysus festival. The elite members of society and the judges would choose the winner that wears the crown . At the age of 27 Sophocles competed for the first time and succeeded over his predecessors. According to historians Sophocles won the Dionysian crown eighteen times through his lifetime. Sophocles lived from 497-406 BCE. Over his life he wrote over 123 plays which made him a legend in classical Greek literature. (Wins the festival of Dionysus 22) Antigone as a tragedy is famous because the story has stood the test of time in history and it can still be relevant in our current society. As woman we have been portrayed as weak docile individualrs. In this story for the first time a woman stood up to the king with out fear. Which was a great introduction to woman seen as doing heroic acts of good. Antigone is though to be the earliest of these enduring popularity highlights the importance of the work as an example of classical Greek theater that is sophisticated enough in its staging and character development to appeal to modern audiences (wins festival) Sophocles writings influenced the many cultures around the world and it has shaped the way theater has developed into an artistic form of expression. The innovations of Sophocles and other early Greek playwrights were instrumental in shaping the development of western European and north American theatrical entertainment for centuries( wins the festival). The relationship between Antigone in Classical Greek literature related to tragedy is evident through out the story by the characters actions and moral dilemma against the rules placed by the new king. Sophocles addiction of a third actor , scenery and imagetry of the characters transformed the world of entertainment that is still relevant in our present modern society. Work Cited Keri Walsh. Mosaic: A journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature. 41.3 (Sept. 2008): p1+. From Literature Resource Center. Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2008 University of Manitoba, Mosaic https://www.umanitoba.ca/mosaic/ Knox, Bernard. Introduction to Sophocles: the three Theban plays. New York , penguin, 1984. Nassaar, Christopher S. Sophocles Oedipus the king explicator 55(1997): 187-89. Sophocles. Antigone. World masterpieces. New York : Norton, 1992. (Knox, Bernard and Nassaar, Christopher S. 187-189) Gardner, Janet E., Beverly Lawn, Jack Ridl, and peter Schakle, eds. Literature: a portable anthology, 4th ed. Bedford/ St. Martinrs, 2016. Greek Tragedy. Arts and Humanities Through the Eras, edited by Edward I. Bleiberg, et al., vol. 2: Ancient Greece and Rome 1200 B.C.E.-476 C.E. Gale, 2005, pp. 144-154. Gale Virtual, Reference Library, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3427400251/GVRL?u=cuny_yorksid=GVRLxid=09d3be45. (Edward I. Bleiberg, et al. 144-154) Hemmingway, Colette and Sean Hemmingway. Greek gods and religious practices. In timeline of art history. NY: Heillbrunn the metropolitan museum of art 200. http:www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grlg/hd_grlg.htm (October 2003) (Hemmingway, Colette and Sean) Sophocles tragedy , Antigone, wins the festival of Dionysus. Global events: milestone events throughout history, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 4: Europe, Gale, 2014, pp. 22- 24. context, https://link.galegroup.com/app/doc/cx3728000509/GIC?u=cuny_yorksid=GICxid=113b13e1. (Stock, Jennifer 22-24) Augst, Therese. Tragic Effects: Ethics and Tragedy in the Age of Translation. Ohio State UP, 2012. Classical Memories/Modern Identities. MLA International Bibliography, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/N2812664936/GLS?u=cuny_yorksid=GLSxid=525d8919. Accessed 20 November. 2018.

Realism and Ibsens a Dolls House Essay - 1527 Words

Ibsen: Keeping it Real Since 1879 Realism is a style of writing in which the author strays away from romance and fantasy and leans toward the everyday life of real people and the negative aspects of their lives. The Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen captures the true essence of realism in his famously controversial play A Doll’s House. Nora is an idealistic wife who bows down to her husband’s commands and fulfills his every wish. When Torvald, her husband, fell sick she did everything she could to save his life, going as far as forging her dead father’s signature to receive money to pay for their trip to Italy for better heath care. The story takes place during Christmas time, where Nora is now forced to come to terms with the crime she has†¦show more content†¦Torvald wants Nora to know that he is the one â€Å"on top† in the relationship; he is the bread winner, the man, and the more powerful person. He is always trying to suppress Nora and keep her dominance over him at bay. Not on ly must women be submissive to their husbands but they were expects to be obedient to him as well. Torvald is always telling this wife not to eat her favorite treat, macaroons, because her teeth with rot and fall out. When Nora buys the dessert in town, she hides them from Torvald. She lies to him when he asks if the thought crossed her mind that day to stop and get a treat. Nora tells her husband, â€Å"No, Torvald really; I promise you†¦ I wouldn’t do anything that you don’t like† (Ibsen 151). Nora is afraid of contradicting Torvald’s word and promises to him she would never do anything to go against him. Instead of being her husband’s equal Nora feels as if she were a child. Ibsen depicts Nora’s marriage as a relationship between a father and his child instead of a husband and his wife and mother of his young children. Torvald treats Nora like a little girl who cannot make her own decisions. She is forced to play this role of a chil d her whole life; fist under her own father’s roof and now under Torvald’s. The forced roles of women were enforced in society, as well as the idea of keeping one’s flaws concealed from the outside world. DeceptiveShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Role of Realism in Ibsens, A Dolls House737 Words   |  3 PagesIs â€Å"A Doll’s House† simply another text in which the composer questions the ideals of his society? Or is it advocating the rights of women as individuals, perhaps a pioneer in feminist literature? One may argue that â€Å"A Doll’s House† is nothing more than a product of Henrik Ibsen’s examination of his contemporary society’s values and morals, specifically those of the bourgeois class. 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Income Tax Exemptions in Pakistan Free Essays

In The name Of Allah The Most Merciful The Most Beneficent Assignment of: Principle Practice Income Tax Topic: Need of Tax Exemption [pic] Question: What is the need of Tax Exemption or Tax Concession in income tax from government point of view? And Does present income tax exemption policy of Pakistan effective in achieving its objectives give comments? TAX EXEMPTION According To â€Å"Community Benefit† theorists Tax-exemption contributes to pluralism â€Å"by providing the public goods and services that either are undersupplied by the private market or by the government or else not provided in the same socially desirable manner† NEED OF TAX EXEMPTION Tax Exemption is provided for various purposes discussed below which are: ? To Promote Economic activity ? To Provide Benefit to society ? To Provide Corporate Welfare ? To Attract Businesses ? To Promote Organizations ? To Encourage Religious Activities ? To Encourage Economic Activities ? To Encourage Retirement-Led Investment ? To Promote Economic activity Tax exemptions are usually meant to either reduce the tax burden on a particular segment of society in the interests of fairness or to promote some type of economic activity through reducing the tax burden on those organizations or individuals who are involved in that activity. ? To Provide Benefit To Society Tax Exemptions are accorded to certain organizations because they provide a benefit to society which the government is unable or unwilling to provide. ? To Provide Corporate Welfare Tax Exemption to specific businesses such as Big Oil is for corporate welfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Tax Exemptions in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now To Attract Businesses Exemption from property tax and other local tax is used as a tool for attracting business to areas suffering from economic down turn or depression. ? To Promote Organizations Tax Exemption is provided to individuals and organizations to promote economically. ? To Encourage Religious Activities Tax exemption is provided to encourage certain social and religious activities. ? To Encourage Economic Activities Tax exemption is provided to encourage certain economic activities. ? To Encourage Retirement-Led Investment Tax Exemption is provided on amount of gratuity or commutation of person to encourage retirement-led investments. COMMENTS Ignoring all other factors and emphasizing particularly on tax exemption we can comment that, ? Tax exemption has promoted agriculture sector. Tax is not applied on income generated up to Rs. 80,000, income exceeding from R. s 80,000 will b taxed. The total number of such farmer assesses is reported to be only about 20,000 in the entire country with an average of no more than 200 such agriculture income tax payers per district. Thus tax exemption provides relief to people engaged in tax exemption. ? Tax exemption has promoted scholarships in the country as the ratio of scholarships have increased from last decades which is providing opportunities to many students to not only study in Pakistan but also abroad. Tax exemption from scholarships is beneficial for both students and country. ? Tax exemption has promoted immense foreign investment in Pakistan as China has started many projects in Pakistan not only because of cheap labor but also because of tax exemption. Similarly many other foreign projects are practicing in Pakistan. Tax exemption has promoted many investment banks as Modarba, macro finance bank, national investment trust etc which provide many easy loans to people and firms which in turn contribute in promoting society. ? Tax exemption policy has promoted many sectors as businesses, educational sector, foreign investment, NGO’S etc Thus, We can conclude that present tax exemption policy i s providing many incentives to people, starting new businesses and is encouraging people to invest more and more in various sectors which in turn are generating income to the economy. It is because of tax exemption that many projects have started in special industrial zones in Pakistan as Export processing zone, North Western Industrial zone, Eastern Western Industrial zone and many more. Tax exemption policy in many areas as income earned from foreign enterprise, capital gain by foreign institutional investor, income from transport businesses has widened the approach of business. So present income tax exemption policy of Pakistan is effective in achieving its objectives. [pic] How to cite Income Tax Exemptions in Pakistan, Papers

Measurement Of Impairment Individual Asset â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measurement Of Impairment Individual Asset? Answer: Introducation Assets whether tangible or intangible are the critical resource possessed by an entity in the course of its business. The assets have their own economic value and hence they are required to be accounted for adequately. Considering the need of proper accounting and disclosures of entitys significant assets in the financial reports, Accounting Standard Board has issued certain standards in relation to the accounting treatments to be given in various situations. Asset Impairment is one of those crucial situations which requires appropriate measurement and recognition in the financial statements of the company. Impairment of an asset has been defined in the Australian accounting standard as the situation when carrying value of the asset exceeds the amount that is recoverable from that particular asset. Accounting treatment to be followed in case of impairment of assets is prescribed in the AASB 136 issued by Australian Accounting Standard Board (Bond, Govendir Wells, 2016), (Ji, 2013). Any asset whether it is a tangible asset or an intangible one it may be subjected to impairment depending upon its characteristics. The assets that may be impaired have been commonly identified as plant and machinery, property plant and equipment, goodwill patents and the other intangible assets. An impairment loss on any individual asset must be recognised in the statement of profit and loss immediately as an expense (Amiraslani, Iatridis Pope, 2013). But, if the revaluation reserve is existing for that particular asset, impairment loss must be charged to the revaluation account to an extent revaluation reserve is carrying a credit balance to cover the loss. Any amount of impairment loss exceeding the balance of revaluation reserve must be taken to the profit or loss account (Vanza, Wells Wright, 2011). However, if the asset is not revalued previously the impairment loss on such asset must be directly charged to the profit or loss account. The company must also disclose the fact of asset impairment in the financial reports in accordance with the requirement of the accounting standard. At every year ending the company has to assess as to whether there exists any indication about the asset impairment. There are certain factors which may indicate the impairment of an asset. Such factors are classified under two categories i.e. external and internal factors (Laskaridou Vazakidis, 2013). Following are some of the factors that many cast an indication of impairment: External factors: The market value of the asset is decreased significantly than the expected decline out of due to normal usage or passing of time during the reporting period (Comiskey Mulford, 2010). Adverse technological, economical and legal environmental changes in the market with which asset is associated The rate of interest in the market or rate of investments have been significantly increased and such changes are likely going to negatively influence the discounting rate which is used to determine the value of asset. Internal factors: Obsolescence of asset or the asset is physically damaged. Evidence of the worst present or future economic performance of the asset is available. Significant adverse changes in the ways in which asset is presently used or will be used in future. Such as discontinuation plans of the asset or asset becoming disposable so early than the expected useful life. There must be a critical assessment of the information which indicates the possibility of impairment of an asset. Only after considering the true evidences of impairment indication, the impairment of an asset must be measured and recognised in the financial statements. Once the asset is impaired the carrying amount of the individual asset must be decreased to account for the impairment. The asset is considered to be impaired when its carrying value exceeds the amount recoverable on that asset. Carrying amount is the amount with which the asset is being carried in the financial statements of the company (Sun, Shipan Xia). This amount is calculated by deducting the accumulated depreciation from the historical cost of the asset. Recoverable amount of any asset is the amount which is identified as higher of two values i.e. the value in use and the fair value of asset. Value in use is the sum of estimated future cash flows from the asset. Recoverable amount is identified for every single individual asset in this business until or unless the asset do not generate the inflows of cash which are significantly depending on cash flows of other single or group of assets. If any of these two values exceeds the amount that is recorded in the financial statements then the asset is considered to be impaired (Amiraslani, Iatridis Pope, 2013). Therefore the amount with which the im pairment loss is to be recognised in the financial statement is the difference between the actual carrying value of the asset and the amount that is recoverable therefrom. While recognising the impairment loss if the loss amount exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, the company may create a liability regarding it but this is only possible if there is a requirement of any other standard of accounting. After recognising the loss of impairment, the amortisation cost or the remaining depreciation charges thereon must be allocated to the revised carrying amount on a systematic basis (Trottier, 2013). Therefore it is highly recommended to the companies possessing goodwill or any other intangible assets of like nature, to have an adequate system of impairment check for all the relevant and significant assets at yearly intervals so as to avoid the consequences of sudden decline in the values of the assets. However assets other than the intangible assets are required to checked for impairment only when there indications of impairment. Decline in the market value of the assets than the assets net value after depreciation charges is an important trigger for the Impairment testing. However, it there is any increase in the recoverable amount of an asset more than its net asset value then such an increment must be ignored. Asset Impairment requires immediate recognition as it a material loss in the economic value of the assets. Part B Computation of Impairment Loss of Gali Ltd. Amount. Plant less Accumulated depreciation 4,84,000.00 Equipment 1,11,000.00 Fittings 70,000.00 Inventory 30,000.00 Goodwill 25,000.00 Total 7,20,000.00 B. Recoverable amount (a) Value in Use 6,45,000.00 B. Recoverable amount 6,45,000.00 C. Impairment Loss (A-B) 75,000.00 Allocation of impairment loss Goodwill 25,000.00 Land 18,196.00 Accumulated Impairment Losses 31,804.00 Journal Entries of Impairment Loss for Gali Ltd Impairment Loss A/c Dr ... 75,000.00 To Goodwill A/c 25,000.00 To Equipment A/c 18,196.00 To Accumulated Impairment Losses 31,804.00 Accumulated Impairment Losses A/c Dr 31,804.00 To Profit Loss A/c 31,804.00 References Amiraslani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F., 2013. Accounting for asset impairment.London: Cass Business School. Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance,56(1), pp.259-288. Comiskey, E.E. and Mulford, C.W., 2010. Goodwill, triggering events, and impairment accounting.Managerial Finance,36(9), pp.746-767. Ji, K., 2013. Better late than never, the timing of goodwill impairment testing in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(4), pp.369-379. Laskaridou, E.C. and Vazakidis, A., 2013. Detecting asset impairment management: Some evidence from food and beverage listed companies.Procedia Technology,8, pp.493-497. Sun, Shipan, and Xia Xu. "Study on the Asset Impairment Accounting."International Journal of Business and Management5, no. 6 (2010): 199. Trottier, K., 2013. The effect of reversibility on a manager's decision to record asset impairments.Accounting Perspectives,12(1), pp.1-22. Vanza, S., Wells, P.A. and Wright, A., 2011. Asset impairment and the disclosure of private information.